Epilepsy is a neurological disease that can cause recurrent seizures. Epileptic seizures arise when the electrical activity in the brain temporarily becomes abnormal. Seizures can be of focal or generalized onset, and the symptoms can vary from person to person.
Causes of Epilepsy (Sara)
In epilepsy, the cause may not always be able to be determined. Genetic predisposition, past head trauma, stroke, certain brain diseases, infections and developmental conditions can be associated with certain types of epilepsy.
How Is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made by assessing together the detailed history of the seizure, if possible the account of the person who witnessed the event, the neurological examination and the necessary investigations. Not every seizure means epilepsy.
Electroencephalography (EEG): Records the brain’s electrical activity and is one of the frequently used tests in epilepsy assessment. A normal EEG does not rule out epilepsy on its own; the result is assessed together with the clinical findings.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Can be used in some patients for the purpose of investigating a structural brain lesion that could cause seizures.
Depending on the patient’s condition, blood tests and other investigations may also be needed.
Epilepsy Treatment
Treatment is planned on an individual basis according to the seizure type and the patient’s clinical characteristics. In many patients, seizure control can be achieved with appropriately selected anti-seizure medications. The choice of medication is made according to factors such as seizure type, age, accompanying diseases, other medications used and pregnancy plans.
In some patients whose seizures continue despite appropriate medications, advanced epilepsy assessment, surgical treatment or different neuromodulation options may come onto the agenda. These decisions are made after a detailed investigation by teams experienced in epilepsy.
Practice and contact information
This content has been prepared for general informational purposes; it does not replace personal diagnosis or treatment advice.
